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中华人民共和国国家赔偿法(附英文)

文章作者:公民教育研究中心 访问次数:

发布日期:2007-1-27

中华人民共和国国家赔偿法(附英文)
1994
512
 
   
中华人民共和国国家赔偿法(附英文)
目 录
第一章 总 则
第二章 行政赔偿
第一节 赔偿范围
第二节 赔偿请求人和赔偿义务机关
第三节 赔偿程序
第三章 刑事赔偿
第一节 赔偿范围
第二节 赔偿请求人和赔偿义务机关
第三节 赔偿程序
第四章 赔偿方式和计算标准
第五章 其他规定
第六章 附 则
第一章 总 则
第一条 为保障公民、法人和其他组织享有依法取得国家赔偿的权利,促进国家机关依法行使职权,根据宪法,制定本法。
第二条 国家机关和国家机关工作人员违法行使职权侵犯公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益造成损害的,受害人有依照本法取得国家赔偿的权利。
国家赔偿由本法规定的赔偿义务机关履行赔偿义务。
第二章 行政赔偿

第一节 赔偿范围
第三条 行政机关及其工作人员在行使行政职权时有下列侵犯人身权情形之一的,受害人有取得赔偿的权利:
(一)违法拘留或者违法采取限制公民人身自由的行政强制措施的;
(二)非法拘禁或者以其他方法非法剥夺公民人身自由的;
(三)以殴打等暴力行为或者唆使他人以殴打等暴力行为造成公民身体伤害或者死亡的;
(四)违法使用武器、警械造成公民身体伤害或者死亡的;
(五)造成公民身体伤害或者死亡的其他违法行为。
第四条 行政机关及其工作人员在行使行政职权时有下列侵犯财产权情形之一的,受害人有取得赔偿的权利:
(一)违法实施罚款、吊销许可证和执照、责令停产停业、没收财物等行政处罚的;
(二)违法对财产采取查封、扣押、冻结等行政强制措施的;
(三)违反国家规定征收财物、摊派费用的;
(四)造成财产损害的其他违法行为。
第五条 属于下列情形之一的,国家不承担赔偿责任:
(一)行政机关工作人员与行使职权无关的个人行为;
(二)因公民、法人和其他组织自己的行为致使损害发生的;
(三)法律规定的其他情形。
第二节 赔偿请求人和赔偿义务机关
第六条 受害的公民、法人或者其他组织有权要求赔偿。
受害的公民死亡,其继承人和其他有扶养关系的亲属有权要求赔偿。
受害的法人或者其他组织终止,承受其权利的法人或者其他组织有权要求赔偿。
第七条 行政机关及其工作人员行使行政职权侵犯公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益造成损害的,该行政机关为赔偿义务机关。
两个以上行政机关共同行使行政职权时侵犯公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益造成损害的,共同行使行政职权的行政机关为共同赔偿义务机关。
法律、法规授权的组织在行使授予的行政权力时侵犯公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益造成损害的,被授权的组织为赔偿义务机关。
受行政机关委托的组织或者个人在行使受委托的行政权力时侵犯公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益造成损害的,委托的行政机关为赔偿义务机关。
赔偿义务机关被撤销的,继续行使其职权的行政机关为赔偿义务机关;没有继续行使其职权的行政机关的,撤销该赔偿义务机关的行政机关为赔偿义务机关。
第八条 经复议机关复议的,最初造成侵权行为的行政机关为赔偿义务机关,但复议机关的复议决定加重损害的,复议机关对加重的部分履行赔偿义务。
第三节 赔偿程序
第九条 赔偿义务机关对依法确认有本法第三条、第四条规定的情形之一的,应当给予赔偿。
赔偿请求人要求赔偿应当先向赔偿义务机关提出,也可以在申请行政复议和提起行政诉讼时一并提出。
第十条 赔偿请求人可以向共同赔偿义务机关中的任何一个赔偿义务机关要求赔偿,该赔偿义务机关应当先予赔偿。
第十一条 赔偿请求人根据受到的不同损害,可以同时提出数项赔偿要求。
第十二条 要求赔偿应当递交申请书,申请书应当载明下列事项:
(一)受害人的姓名、性别、年龄、工作单位和住所,法人或者其他组织的名称、住所和法定代表人或者主要负责人的姓名、职务;
(二)具体的要求、事实根据和理由;
(三)申请的年、月、日。
赔偿请求人书写申请书确有困难的,可以委托他人代书;也可以口头申请,由赔偿义务机关记入笔录。
第十三条 赔偿义务机关应当自收到申请之日起两个月内依照本法第四章的规定给予赔偿;逾期不予赔偿或者赔偿请求人对赔偿数额有异议的,赔偿请求人可以自期间届满之日起三个月内向人民法院提起诉讼。
第十四条 赔偿义务机关赔偿损失后,应当责令有故意或者重大过失的工作人员或者受委托的组织或者个人承担部分或者全部赔偿费用。
对有故意或者重大过失的责任人员,有关机关应当依法给予行政处分;构成犯罪的,应当依法追究刑事责任。
第三章 刑事赔偿

第一节 赔偿范围
第十五条 行使侦查、检察、审判、监狱管理职权的机关及其工作人员在行使职权时有下列侵犯人身权情形之一的,受害人有取得赔偿的权利:
(一)对没有犯罪事实或者没有事实证明有犯罪重大嫌疑的人错误拘留的;
(二)对没有犯罪事实的人错误逮捕的;
(三)依照审判监督程序再审改判无罪,原判刑罚已经执行的;
(四)刑讯逼供或者以殴打等暴力行为或者唆使他人以殴打等暴力行为造成公民身体伤害或者死亡的;
(五)违法使用武器、警械造成公民身体伤害或者死亡的。
第十六条 行使侦查、检察、审判、监狱管理职权的机关及其工作人员在行使职权时有下列侵犯财产权情形之一的,受害人有取得赔偿的权利:
(一)违法对财产采取查封、扣押、冻结、追缴等措施的;
(二)依照审判监督程序再审改判无罪,原判罚金、没收财产已经执行的。
第十七条 属于下列情形之一的,国家不承担赔偿责任:
(一)因公民自己故意作虚伪供述,或者伪造其他有罪证据被羁押或者被判处刑罚的;
(二)依照刑法第十四条、第十五条规定不负刑事责任的人被羁押的;
(三)依照刑事诉讼法第十一条规定不追究刑事责任的人被羁押的;
(四)行使国家侦查、检察、审判、监狱管理职权的机关的工作人员与行使职权无关的个人行为;
(五)因公民自伤、自残等故意行为致使损害发生的;
(六)法律规定的其他情形。
第二节 赔偿请求人和赔偿义务机关
第十八条 赔偿请求人的确定依照本法第六条的规定。
第十九条 行使国家侦查、检察、审判、监狱管理职权的机关及其工作人员在行使职权时侵犯公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益造成损害的,该机关为赔偿义务机关。
对没有犯罪事实或者没有事实证明有犯罪重大嫌疑的人错误拘留的,作出拘留决定的机关为赔偿义务机关。
对没有犯罪事实的人错误逮捕的,作出逮捕决定的机关为赔偿义务机关。
再审改判无罪的,作出原生效判决的人民法院为赔偿义务机关。二审改判无罪的,作出一审判决的人民法院和作出逮捕决定的机关为共同赔偿义务机关。
第三节 赔偿程序
第二十条 赔偿义务机关对依法确认有本法第十五条、第十六条规定的情形之一的,应当给予赔偿。
赔偿请求人要求确认有本法第十五条、第十六条规定情形之一的,被要求的机关不予确认的,赔偿请求人有权申诉。
赔偿请求人要求赔偿,应当先向赔偿义务机关提出。
赔偿程序适用本法第十条、第十一条、第十二条的规定。
第二十一条 赔偿义务机关应当自收到申请之日起两个月内依照本法第四章的规定给予赔偿;逾期不予赔偿或者赔偿请求人对赔偿数额有异议的,赔偿请求人可以自期间届满之日起三十日内向其上一级机关申请复议。
赔偿义务机关是人民法院的,赔偿请求人可以依照前款规定向其上一级人民法院赔偿委员会申请作出赔偿决定。
第二十二条 复议机关应当自收到申请之日起两个月内作出决定。
赔偿请求人不服复议决定的,可以在收到复议决定之日起三十日内向复议机关所在地的同级人民法院赔偿委员会申请作出赔偿决定;复议机关逾期不作决定的,赔偿请求人可以自期间届满之日起三十日内向复议机关所在地的同级人民法院赔偿委员会申请作出赔偿决定。
第二十三条 中级以上的人民法院设立赔偿委员会,由人民法院三名至七名审判员组成。
赔偿委员会作赔偿决定,实行少数服从多数的原则。
赔偿委员会作出的赔偿决定,是发生法律效力的决定,必须执行。
第二十四条 赔偿义务机关赔偿损失后,应当向有下列情形之一的工作人员追偿部分或者全部赔偿费用:
(一)有本法第十五条第(四)、(五)项规定情形的;
(二)在处理案件中有贪污受贿,徇私舞弊,枉法裁判行为的。
对有前款(一)、(二)项规定情形的责任人员,有关机关应当依法给予行政处分;构成犯罪的,应当依法追究刑事责任。
第四章 赔偿方式和计算标准
第二十五条 国家赔偿以支付赔偿金为主要方式。
能够返还财产或者恢复原状的,予以返还财产或者恢复原状。
第二十六条 侵犯公民人身自由的,每日的赔偿金按照国家上年度职工日平均工资计算。
第二十七条 侵犯公民生命健康权的,赔偿金按照下列规定计算:
(一)造成身体伤害的,应当支付医疗费,以及赔偿因误工减少的收入。减少的收入每日的赔偿金按照国家上年度职工日平均工资计算,最高额为国家上年度职工年平均工资的五倍;
(二)造成部分或者全部丧失劳动能力的,应当支付医疗费,以及残疾赔偿金,残疾赔偿金根据丧失劳动能力的程度确定,部分丧失劳动能力的最高额为国家上年度职工年平均工资的十倍,全部丧失劳动能力的为国家上年度职工年平均工资的二十倍。造成全部丧失劳动能力的,对其扶养的无劳动能力的人,还应当支付生活费;
(三)造成死亡的,应当支付死亡赔偿金、丧葬费,总额为国家上年度职工年平均工资的二十倍。对死者生前扶养的无劳动能力的人,还应当支付生活费。
前款第(二)、(三)项规定的生活费的发放标准参照当地民政部门有关生活救济的规定办理。被扶养的人是未成年人的,生活费给付至十八周岁止;其他无劳动能力的人,生活费给付至死亡时止。
第二十八条 侵犯公民、法人和其他组织的财产权造成损害的,按照下列规定处理:
(一)处罚款、罚金、追缴、没收财产或者违反国家规定征收财物、摊派费用的,返还财产;
(二)查封、扣押、冻结财产的,解除对财产的查封、扣押、冻结,造成财产损坏或者灭失的,依照本条第(三)、(四)项的规定赔偿;
(三)应当返还的财产损坏的,能够恢复原状的恢复原状,不能恢复原状的,按照损害程度给付相应的赔偿金;
(四)应当返还的财产灭失的,给付相应的赔偿金;
(五)财产已经拍卖的,给付拍卖所得的价款;
(六)吊销许可证和执照、责令停产停业的,赔偿停产停业期间必要的经常性费用开支;
(七)对财产权造成其他损害的,按照直接损失给予赔偿。
第二十九条 赔偿费用,列入各级财政预算,具体办法由国务院规定。
第五章 其他规定
第三十条 赔偿义务机关对依法确认有本法第三条第(一)、(二)项、第十五条第(一)、(二)、(三)项情形之一,并造成受害人名誉权、荣誉权损害的,应当在侵权行为影响的范围内,为受害人消除影响,恢复名誉,赔礼道歉。
第三十一条 人民法院在民事诉讼、行政诉讼过程中,违法采取对妨害诉讼的强制措施、保全措施或者对判决、裁定及其他生效法律文书执行错误,造成损害的,赔偿请求人要求赔偿的程序,适用本法刑事赔偿程序的规定。
第三十二条 赔偿请求人请求国家赔偿的时效为两年,自国家机关及其工作人员行使职权时的行为被依法确认为违法之日起计算,但被羁押期间不计算在内。
赔偿请求人在赔偿请求时效的最后六个月内,因不可抗力或者其他障碍不能行使请求权的,时效中止。从中止时效的原因消除之日起,赔偿请求时效期间继续计算。
第三十三条 外国人、外国企业和组织在中华人民共和国领域内要求中华人民共和国国家赔偿的,适用本法。
外国人、外国企业和组织的所属国对中华人民共和国公民、法人和其他组织要求该国国家赔偿的权利不予保护或者限制的,中华人民共和国与该外国人、外国企业和组织的所属国实行对等原则。
第六章 附 则
第三十四条 赔偿请求人要求国家赔偿的,赔偿义务机关、复议机关和人民法院不得向赔偿请求人收取任何费用。
对赔偿请求人取得的赔偿金不予征税。
第三十五条 本法自1995年1月1日起施行。
附:法律有关条文一、刑法
第十四条 已满十六岁的人犯罪,应当负刑事责任。
已满十四岁不满十六岁的人,犯杀人、重伤、抢劫、放火、惯窃罪或者其他严重破坏社会秩序罪,应当负刑事责任。
已满十四岁不满十八岁的人犯罪,应当从轻或者减轻处罚。
因不满十六岁不处罚的,责令他的家长或者监护人加以管教;在必要的时候,也可以由政府收容教养。
第十五条 精神病人在不能辨认或者不能控制自己行为的时候造成危害结果的,不负刑事责任;但是应当责令他的家属或者监护人严加看管和医疗。
间歇性的精神病人在精神正常的时候犯罪,应当负刑事责任。
醉酒的人犯罪,应当负刑事责任。二、刑事诉讼法
第十一条 有下列情形之一的,不追究刑事责任,已经追究的,应当撤销案件,或者不起诉,或者宣告无罪:
(一)情节显著轻微、危害不大,不认为是犯罪的;
(二)犯罪已过追诉时效期限的;
(三)经特赦令免除刑罚的;
(四)依照刑法告诉才处理的犯罪,没有告诉或者撤回告诉的;
(五)被告人死亡的;
(六)其他法律、法令规定免予追究刑事责任的。
Law of the Peoples Republic of China on State Compensation
(Adopted on May 12, 1994 at the Seventh Session of the StandingCommittee of the Eighth National Peoples Congress and promulgated on thesame day)
Whole documentLaw of the Peoples Republic of China on State Compensation(Adopted on May 12, 1994 at the Seventh Session of the StandingCommitteeof the Eighth National Peoples Congress and promulgated on thesame day)
Chapter 1 General PrinciplesArticle 1
In conformity with the Constitution, this Law is enacted to protectcitizens, legal persons and other organizations to enjoy the right tocompensation by the state and to promote the state organs to exercisetheir functions and powers in accordance with law.Article 2
If a state organ or a member of its personnel, when exercisingfunctions and powers in violation of the law, infringes upon the lawfulrights and interests of a citizen, legal person or other organization andcauses damages the aggrieved person shall have the right to recoverdamages from the state in accordance with this Law.
The obligations of state compensation shall be performed by the organsunder compensatory obligations stipulated by this Law.
Chapter 2 Administrative Compensation

Section 1: Scope of CompensationArticle 3
The aggrieved person shall have the right to recover damages in one ofthefollowing circumstances where an administrative organ or its personnelinfringes upon his personal rights when exercising functions and powers:
(1) where there is unlawful detention or an unlawful compulsoryadministrative measure to restrict the personal freedom of a citizen;
(2) where there is unlawful custody or otherwise unlawful deprivationof the personal freedom of a citizen;
(3) where such violent act as battery or abetting others in batterycauses bodily injury to or decease of a citizen;
(4) where the use of weapon or police apparatus in violation of lawscauses bodily injury to or decease of a citizen; or
(5) other unlawful acts which cause bodily injury to or decease of acitizen.Article 4
The aggrieved person shall have the right to recover damages in one ofthefollowing circumstances where an administrative organ or its personnelinfringes upon his property right when exercising its functions andpowers:
(1) imposing an administrative punishment in violation of the law,such as fining, revocation of a permit or license, order to suspendproduction or business operation or confiscation of property and article;
(2) taking a compulsory administrative measure in violation of the lawsuch as sealing up, distraining or freezing of property;
(3) expropriating property and article or apportioning expenses inviolation of rules and regulations of the state; or
(4) other unlawful acts which cause damage to property.Article 5
The state shall not be liable for compensation in one of the followingcircumstances:
(1) where the personal act by personnel of the state organ, which doesnotrelate to his exercise of functions and powers;
(2) where the act by a citizen, legal person or other organizationitself causes damage; or
(3) other situations as provided for by law.
Section 2: Claimant for Compensation and Organs for compensatory ObligationsArticle 6
The aggrieved citizen, legal person or other organization shall havetheright to claim compensation.
Where the aggrieved citizen is deceased, his successor or otherrelatives with maintenance relation shall have the right to claimcompensation.
Where the aggrieved legal person or other organization has terminated,thelegal person or other organization which succeeds its rights shallhave theright to claim compensation.Article 7
Where an administrative organ and its personnel infringe upon thelawful rights and interests of a citizen, a legal person or otherorganization and cause damage when exercising its administrative functionsand powers,the organ shall be responsible for fulfilling compensatoryobligations.
Two administrative organs or more which infringe upon the lawfulrights and interests of a citizen, legal person or other organization andcause damage when exercising their joint administrative functions andpowers, shall be the organs under joint compensatory obligations.
An organization authorized by law which infringes upon the lawfulrights and interests of a citizen, legal person or other organization andcauses damage when exercising its authorized administrative powers, shallbe the organ under compensatory obligations.
An organization or individual entrusted by an administrative organinfringes upon the lawful rights and interests of a citizen, legal personor other organization and causes damage when exercising the entrustedadministrative powers, shall be the organ under compensatory obligations.
Where the organ for compensatory obligation has been abolished, theadministrative organ that continues to exercise the abolished organsfunctions and powers shall be the organ under compensatory obligation;where there is no such a continued administrative organ, theadministrative organ that did the abolishment shall be the organ undercompensatory obligations.Article 8
Where the case has been reconsidered by the organ underreconsideration, the administrative organ which caused the initial damageshall be the organ under compensatory obligations; where thereconsideration decision by the organ for reconsideration aggravates thedamage, the organ for reconsideration shall be liable for the damageresulting from the abe returned;
(2) in case of sealing up, distraint and freezing of property andcausing damage or destruction to the property, compensation shall be paidaccording to the provisions of (3) and (4) of this Article;
(3) in case of damage to the property which should be returned, theoriginal state shall be restored if it can be done. If the original statecan notbe restored, corresponding compensation money shall be paidaccording tothe seriousness of the damage;
(4) in case of destruction of the property which should be returned,corresponding compensation money shall be paid;
(5) in case the property has been auctioned, proceeds from the auctionshall be paid;
(6) in case of rescission of a permit or license, order to suspendproduction or business operation, compensation shall be paid to cover thenecessary current expenses incurred during the suspension period; or
(7) in case of other damages caused to the property, compensationshall be made in light of direct loss of the property.Article 29
The expenses for compensation shall be listed in the fiscal budget ofgovernments at all levels, the detailed rules of which shall be formulatedby the State Council.
Chapter 5 Other ProvisionsArticle 30
Where any of the circumstances as provided for in Article 3 (1) and(2) and Article 15 (1), (2) and (3) of this Law, is confirmed accordingto law andcauses infringement upon the rights of reputation and honor ofthe aggrieved person, the organ compensatory obligations shall eliminatethe bad effect, rehabilitate the reputation of and make an apology to theaggrieved person to theextent of the infringing acts affected.Article 31
Where a peoples court, in the course of a civil or administrativeprocedure, illegally undertakes compulsory measures against impairment ofaction,preservative measures or wrongfully executes the judgment oraward or other legal effective documents and which causes damages, theprocedure for theclaim of compensation by the claimant shall apply to theprovisions of this Lawconcerning the procedures of criminal compensation.Article 32
The prescription of claim for state compensation by the claimant shallbe 2 years, which shall be calculated from the day on which the act ofexercising the functions and powers by the State organ and its personnelwas confirmed unlawful according to law, but the period of custody shallbe excluded from the limitation of time.
Where the claimant for compensation can not exercise his or her rightof claim due to force majeure or other obstacles during the last 6 monthsof the prescription of claim for compensation, the limitation of timeshall be suspended. The time of prescription of claim for compensationshall resume from the day when the grounds for the suspension areeliminated.Article 33
This Law shall be applicable to such cases as claiming by a foreigner,foreign enterprise or organization in the territory of the PeoplesRepublic of China upon the Peoples Republic of China for statecompensation.
If the mother state of a foreigner, foreign enterprise or organizationdoes not protect or imposes restrictions upon the right of claiming forstate compensation from that state by a Chinese citizen, legal entity orother organization, the Peoples Republic of China shall follow theprinciple of reciprocity with regard to such mother state of the saidforeigner, foreign enterprise or organization.
Chapter 6 Supplementary ProvisionsArticle 34
Where the claimant claims for state compensation, the organ undercompensatory obligations, the organ for reconsideration and the peoplescourt shall not charge anything to the claimant.
Taxes shall not be levied upon the compensation money obtained byclaimant for compensation.Article 35
This Law shall enter into force as of January 1, 1995.Appendix:Related Articles of Laws1. Criminal Law of the Peoples Republic of ChinaArticle 14
Any person who has reached the age of 16 and who commits a crime shallbear criminal responsibility.
Any person who has reached the age of 14 but not the age of 16 and whocommits a homicide, inflicting serious bodily injury, robbery, arson,habitual theft or any other crime seriously undermining social order shallbear criminal responsibility.
Any person who has reached the age of 14 but not the age of 18 and whocommits a crime shall be given a lighter or mitigated punishment.
If a person is not punished because he has not reached the age of 16,thehead of his or her family or his or her guardian shall be ordered todiscipline and educate him or her. When necessary, he or she may also betaken in bythe government for reeducation.Article 15
If a mental patient causes dangerous consequences at a time when he orsheis unable to recognize or control his or her own conduct, he or sheshall not bear criminal responsibility, however, his or her family orguardian shabe ordered to make him or her under strict custody and givemedical treatment.
Any person whose mental illness is of an intermittent nature shallbear criminal responsibility if he or she commits a crime when he or sheis in anormal mental state.
Any intoxicated person who commits a crime shall bear criminalresponsibility.2. Criminal Procedure Law of the Peoples Republic of ChinaArticle11
In any of the following circumstances, no criminal responsibilityshall be investigated; if investigation has already been undertaken, thecase shabe dismissed, or prosecution shall not be initiated, orinnocence shall be declared:
(1) if an act is obviously of minor importance, causing no seriousharm, and is therefore not deemed as a crime;
(2) if the limitation period for criminal prosecution has expired;
(3) if an exemption of criminal punishment has been granted in aspecial amnesty decree;
(4) if the crime is to be handled only upon complaint according to theCriminal Law, but there has been no complaint or the complaint has beenwithdrawn;
(5) if the defendant is deceased; or
(6) if other laws or decrees provide an exemption from investigationof criminal responsibility.

发布日期:(2007-1-27)