The predecessor of the School of Physics (College of Microelectronics) of Zhengzhou University is the former Department of Physics of Zhengzhou University, which was founded in 1956. Mr. Huo Bingquan, a pioneer in cosmic ray physics research in China, a famous physicist, and the former dean of the Department of Physics of Tsinghua University, was the first dean of the department. In 1995, the College of Physical Engineering was established based on the discipline of physics. In May 2019, the college was renamed as the School of Physics from the School of Physical Engineering, and was jointly established with the newly established School of Microelectronics.

The college is currently composed of the Department of Physics, the Department of Electronic Science and Measurement and Control Technology, the Institute of Theoretical Physics, the Institute of Material Physics, the Institute of Nuclear Physics and Biology, and the Institute of Optoelectronic Information Science. It has under its jurisdiction the National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for University Physics, the Key Laboratory of Material Physics of the Ministry of Education, the Innovation Team of the Ministry of Education for Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Quantum Functional Materials, and the Henan Virtual Simulation Experimental Center Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Henan Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Quantum Functional Materials, China Belarus Laser Technology Research Center, Henan NDT Engineering Center, and other teaching and research platforms.

The college's physics major is one of the first batch of famous brand construction majors in Henan Province, a national characteristic specialty, a national comprehensive reform pilot specialty, and a national first-class undergraduate specialty. The college's electronic science and technology specialty was selected as a national first-class undergraduate specialty in 2022. The college is a participant in the "Action Plan for Integrating Science and Education with Collaborative Education" of the Ministry of Education and the Academy of Sciences. In recent years, it has jointly organized "Qian Sanqiang Talent Class" and "Shang Guang Elite Class" with the Institute of High Energy of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou Institute of Modern Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Mechanics, and other units. The college currently has more than 230 faculty members, including 2 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 members of the Changjiang Scholars Award Program of the Ministry of Education, 3 members of the The National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars, 1 member of the Central Plains Scholars, 2 winners of the National Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars, 2 winners of the National Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (Overseas), 2 young top talents of the "Ten Thousand Talents Program" of the Central Organization Department, and 2 members of the Teaching Steering Committee of the Ministry of Education. The college has one national key discipline: condensed matter physics; Three key disciplines in Henan Province: physics, nuclear science and technology, instrument science and technology; It has a mobile post doctoral station in physics, a first level doctoral authorization point in physics, and a second level doctoral authorization point in material physics and chemistry; Four first level master's degree programs in physics, nuclear science and technology, instrument science and technology, and optical engineering; Three second-level master's degrees in biophysics, material physics and chemistry, and physical electronics. The college currently has over 500 doctoral and postgraduate students and over 1100 undergraduate students.

The college mainly caters to the major needs of the country and the construction of the Central Plains Economic Zone, cultivating a large number of high-quality research-oriented and application-oriented innovative talents, and emerging a group of industry elites. In recent years, the college has adhered to the concept of "academic priority" and introduced a series of reform measures, striving to build an excellent teaching and research platform for teachers and create a secure learning environment for students. In terms of the number of scientific research projects and funds received, as well as the quality and quantity of high-level papers published, it has repeatedly reached new highs, with a number of indicators ranking among the top in the school. It has successively won the first batch of "Xiaoping Science and Technology Innovation Team" in China, the gold medal in the national finals of the 7th China International "Internet plus" Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition, the special prize of "Unveiling the Top" in the 17th "Challenge Cup" National Undergraduate Extracurricular Academic Science and Technology Works Competition, the special prize of the Postgraduate Electronic Design Competition, the special prize of the American Mathematical Modeling Competition, the special prize of MathorCup College Mathematical Modeling Challenge Competition China UnionPay National Engineering Laboratory Special Award and other honors. The quality of student training has been highly recognized by society, providing a large number of professional and technical talents, and making significant contributions to the construction of the Central Plains Economic Zone and the improvement of national innovation capabilities.